PMP stands for Project Management Professional (short word PMP). It is an internationally recognized professional designation offered by the Project Management Institute (PMI). As of March 2018, there are 833,025 active PMP certified individuals and 286 chartered chapters across 210 countries and territories worldwide. The exam is based on the PMI Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK).
The Business Dictionary defines a project as a “planned set of interrelated tasks to be executed over a fixed period and within certain costs and other limitations.” A project, then, could be something outside or in addition to the company norm for a typical business day. Perhaps a business upgrade, financial need or client request may be the catalyst for a project’s origination.
A project manager is the person who leads the project team who together accomplish the project goal. While anyone who holds the title of manager has ongoing duties for the duration of his/her tenure at a company, a project manager’s leadership is temporary to accomplish a distinctive purpose. For any specific project, there will be an appointed project manager. However, if this isn’t your official, full-time title, say you’re a department manager or another type of supervisor, it’s a good idea to add a basic knowledge of project management skills to your resume.
Project management is the process of organizing the way that changes are implemented efficiently within an organization.
PMP stands for Project Management Professional who has been granted the prestigious PMP certification issued by the Project Management Institute (PMI).A no-profit organization, leader in the US and worldwide, the PMI has started its activity in 1969 and has nowadays reached a net of nearly 3 million members who are continuously supported through education, networking, and above all through the project management standard, which gives them a common language to talk.
ACP stands for Agile Certified Practitioner. This certification is provided by Project PMI (Management Institute) and hence it is PMI-ACP. ACP Certification carries a high level of professional integrity as it is a combination of agile training working on Agile projects and examining Agile fundamentals and tools. This certification is universally recognized and aids people in addressing the needs of associations that depend on certified Agile practitioners to apply their diversified skills to undertake the projects in an efficient manner.
CAPM stands for certified Associate in project Management. This certification from PMI.CAPM Certification provides recognition to the candidates who are planning to make their career in Project Management. This Certification demonstrates the individual knowledge about the strategies and terminology of (PMBOK® Guide). The knowledge a professional earns from CAPM Certification can be applied on respective job practices which increases the level of competence in the project. In Project Management People who convey the CAPM assignment after their name appreciate an abnormal state of validity from PMP® accreditation holders, venture chiefs, managers and associates.
PMBOK stands for Project management Body of Knowledge. It is the entire collection of processes, best practices, terminologies, and guidelines that are accepted as standards within the project management industry. Because the body of knowledge is constantly growing as practitioners discover new methods or best practices, it must be updated and disseminated. This is an effort that is overseen by the Project Management Institute (PMI), the global not-for-profit member association of PM professionals which captures and publishes the PMBOK within the book, A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide).
PMBOK has been used as the standard by which PMP Certification is obtained. PMP Certification is based upon a survey of many companies’ best practices. The advantage of using PMP Certified Project Managers and Team members is that resources have already been trained. PMBOK is valuable for both companies and employees. PMBOK is valuable for many reasons. Here are three: Finally, project managers who are familiar with PMBOK standards can custom tailor their project management process to best fit their company’s needs. There’s an old saying, “To break the rules, first you have to know the rules.” When project managers invest time into learning the rules, they also are investing time in learning how and where rules can be broken.
The basic concepts are applicable to projects, programmes and operations. The five basic process groups are:
Those 49 project management processes can also be organized into ten knowledge areas:
According to the PMBOK® guide project management processes are linked by specific inputs and outputs where the outcome of one process becomes the input to another process but not necessarily in the same process group – a constant loop like the circle of life. Take for instance the process of identifying stakeholders that in practice can rely on inputs from almost any of the other processes and can also be the input to almost any of the other processes such as those involved with requirements, quality, communications, risk, procurement or stakeholder relationships. Each process can also consist of various activities required to execute the specific process and these activities represent the work to be done to complete the project.
In the PMBOK® Guide Sixth Edition, ITTOs (Inputs, Tools, Techniques, and Outputs) is the basic building block of all 49 processes. These are the components of a process and understanding of these processes gives you a solid foundation for executing your project. Inputs: Anytime, whether internal or external to the project which is required by a process before that process proceeds. May be an output from a predecessor process. E.g.: Tools: Something tangible, such as a template or software program, used in performing an activity to produce a product or result. E.g.: Techniques: A defined systematic procedure employed by a human resource to perform an activity to produce a product or result or deliver a service, and that may employ one or more tools. Meetings E.g.: Outputs: A product, result, or service generated by a process. May be an input to a successor process. E.g.:
Agile is a monotonous approach to deliver software in a cumulative manner from the start of the project rather than delivering the whole project at the end. Agile is majorly applied in project management. If the project is typical, then Agile Project management methodology is the finest methodology to follow. This methodology mainly aims to deliver the product to the customer in smaller sprints instead of delivering at a time. Henceforth, it will be easy for the customer to test the delivered module of the project and ensure that proper quality is maintained.
Pareto Analysis is a statistical technique in decision-making used for the selection of a limited number of tasks that produce significant overall effect. It uses the Pareto Principle (also known as the 80/20 rule) the idea that by doing 20% of the work you can generate 80% of the benefit of doing the entire job.
Project issue management is the process of identifying, documenting, and resolving issues that arise during a project. Every project will run into issues, whether it’s the first of its kind or very similar to another project. To mitigate the effects of these issues, the project manager can develop an issue management plan. This gives the project team an avenue to identify and document issues, and allows the team to effectively resolve those issues.
– Jennifer Bridges [Source: Project manager .org]
Risk Register is a document that is used to store the information of all the identified risk in any project. Also known as Risk Log, it is created during the initial stages of the project. In this document/register, the information of all the potential actions is also stored. It is an important part of the Risk Management Plan that helps the managers to track and address the problems when they arise. The Risk Register is shared between the project stakeholders to let them be aware of the issues and taking actions to resolve those issues. The Risk Register performs risk management in the four steps –
Time and Material Contract is basically an arrangement in which the contractor is paid on the basis of several factors, such as So, in the time and material contract, the contractor will get paid according to the used time on the project as well as all the expenses of the used material. The contractor will also get paid for all additional expenses during the contract.
Fishbone Diagram or Ishikawa Diagram is a visualisation tool to understand potential causes of a problem to identify its root causes. It is used usually in brainstorming sessions so that the team’s conversation is focussed on the actual problem and not stray away towards only the symptoms.
Project stakeholders are individuals and organizations that are actively involved in the project, or whose interests may be affected as a result of project execution or project completion. They may also exert influence over the project’s objectives and outcomes. The project management team must identify the stakeholders, determine their requirements and expectations, and, to the extent possible, manage their influence in relation to the requirements to ensure a successful project
RAID stands for risks, assumptions, issues and dependencies. These are vital components that a project manager (PM) should always be aware of. There are always risks about actions and a PM must take least risk action. Unless assumptions about any estimates or actions are clear, these can go wrong. Issues and dependencies also limit the choices of actions.
Three-point Estimation is based on three different estimated values to improve the result. The concept is applicable for both cost and duration estimation. This helps in mitigating the estimation risk. It also takes into consideration uncertainty and associated risks while estimating values. Estimation can be carried out for an entire project, or for a WBS component or for an activity. In a three-point estimation, the expected value of a task is determined by calculating the mean of three different values. These three different values are Optimistic Value (O), Pessimistic Value (P), and Most Likely Value (M).
A DSS is used vastly in enterprise applications; mainly MIS & ERP based systems. It provides automation and stability in the decision making process of the organization. There are two types of DSS, structured and unstructured. DSS connects many flow charts in the organizational process. It can be formulated and built statistically or stochastically.
CMM stands for Capability Maturity Model. Every company has a proper process for the development of software. If you are going to apply for a job of software project management, you will definitely find it as the latest project management interview question. This model has been developed by software engineering institute that provides information on different levels of the process maturity. Here are the five levels of the CMM model: Initial Level – It defines the starting point of a new process. Repeatable Level – It specifies that the process is used repeatedly. Defined Level – It defines or confirms process as a standard business process. Managed Level – It involves the measurement and management of the process. Optimizing Level – It includes optimization and improvement of the process.
Critical success factors (CSFs), also known as Key Results Areas (KRAs), refer to the activities that must be completed to a high standard of quality in order to achieve the goals of your project. There will be skills like:
CMMI stands for Capability Maturity Model Integration. It is a process improvement approach that provides organizations with the essential elements for effective process improvement.
The project scope management is referred to as a set of processes to ensure that the scope of the project is defined and mapped accurately. The techniques involved in scope management help project managers to plan the amount of work required to complete the project successfully. In the scope management, there will be involvement of the information of requirements, creating WBS, controlling the scope and verifying the scope. In this term, WBS will define the baseline of scope for the project. The planning, controlling, and closing is the three processes of project scope management. Project Scope Management is the process that involves a number of steps, the steps involved to define the project scope management are –
An issue is a problem or concern that may impede the progress of the project if not addressed. A risk is any factor (or threat) that may adversely affect the successful completion of the project in terms of achievement of its outcomes, delivery of its outputs or adverse effects upon resourcing, time, cost and quality.
The critical path is simply all the tasks that determine the end date of your project schedule. If one of those tasks is late by one day, then your project end date will be extended by one day. Often, there will be tasks that are not on the critical path; this is due to the slack in the project schedule. Slack is the amount of time a task can be delayed without impacting the start date of a subsequent task. If you refer to your current schedule, you can examine the Gantt chart and quickly identify the tasks that have some float compared to the tasks that have no slack.
It is a measure of quality that strives for near perfection. It is data-driven approach and methodology for eliminating defects. In order to achieve Six Sigma, a process must not produce more than 3.4 defects per million opportunities. If applied effectively, six sigma can approach can help finish a project on time, be reducing the risk of effects/failure.
This question forces the candidates to decide one of the scores of skills needed of a project manager. This explains the experience and focus towards a project manager. Your greatest strength as a project manager should be your answer to this question.
Risk identification in the Project Management is often done by using brainstorming sessions to identify and clarify the main risks that may work against the project achieving its stated outcomes. It is important to clearly define the scope of the project so that the identification of risks can remain focused upon what potentially threatens the achievement of outcomes, delivery of outputs, and level of resourcing, time, cost and quality
Project integration management is one of the ten project management knowledge areas and is the element that coordinates all aspects of a project. Project integration management is the coordination of all elements of a project. This includes coordinating tasks, resources, stakeholders, and any other project elements, in addition to managing conflicts between different aspects of a project, making trade-offs between competing requests and evaluating resources. Project integration management touches all five phases of a project:
A project manager’s strength lies in his/her ability to display a high level of adaptability. Nobody wants changes in a project and are not entirely unavoidable. You must approach this question with great wit and convince the interviewer that you are capable, having handled such situations before.
Project schedule describes the project’s deliverables as well as their deadlines and resource requirements. Think of it as the “what”, “when”, and “who” of the project.
The Statement of Work (SOW) is an important tool used internally or externally to govern project activities performed by vendors or by departments within the organization. It is also legally binding and must be approved by the project’s client before work can commence.
The Project Charter is a formal document to authorize the project and give the project manager the authority to spend the project budget. The Project Charter is created in the Develop Project Charter process with the following inputs:
Project management: Project management is the process that helps projects achieves their objectives. These processes include initiating the project, developing the plan to execute the project, executing the project according to the approved plan, controlling the project activities throughout its lifetime, and finally handing over the output of the project to the client, and closing the project.In other words, project management is the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities to meet the project requirements. Program Management: According to the PMI, a program is “a group of related projects managed in a coordinated manner to obtain benefits not available from managing them individually.” Program managers look at cross-project dependencies, risks, issues, requirements, and solutions, and may coordinate with individual project managers to achieve these insights and keep the overall program healthy. They’re less concerned with the success of every single individual project, and more focused on the success of the overall initiative and achieving the larger benefit. Programs often: Program management is the translation of strategic objectives into measurable business outcomes, coupled with the integration of the many related initiatives required for the outcome to be realized. Portfolio Management: Project Portfolio Management (PPM)) is typically a function of the PMO team and is a formal approach to orchestrate, prioritize, and analyze the potential value from a set of projects. An organization that employs project portfolio management centralizes the identification, prioritization, authorization, and management of projects within a portfolio
Following are some functions of Project Management tool: Read More: Project Manager Interview Questions and Answers
Project plan is an expansive document covering virtually every aspect of the project and its management. It includes details on how the project will be executed, managed, and controlled. It usually has several constituent plans governing communications, risk management, change management, etc.
Project Planning defines in detail the project activities and the product that will be produced, and describes how the project activities will be accomplished. Project Planning defines all major tasks, estimates the time and resources necessary to complete them, and provides a framework for management review and control. Project Planning activities include defining and documenting the following:
WBS stands for Work breakdown structure. It is a hierarchical tree structure that outlines your project and breaks it down into smaller, more manageable portions. In Wrike, you can build a WBS by creating folders and subfolders, and can even go further to divide individual tasks into subtasks. The goal of a WBS is to make a large project more manageable. Breaking it down into smaller chunks means work can be done simultaneously by different team members, leading to better team productivity and easier project management overall.
The waterfall model is a sequential software development process, in which progress is seen as flowing steadily downwards (like a waterfall) through the phases of Conception, Initiation, Analysis, Design (validation), Construction, Testing and maintenance.
The V-model is a software development process which can be presumed to be the extension of the waterfall model. Instead of moving down in a linear way, the process steps are bent upwards after the coding phase, to form the typical V shape. The V-Model demonstrates the relationships between each phase of the development life cycle and its associated phase of testing.
The Dual Vee Model, like the V-Model is a systems development model designed to simplify the understanding of the complexity associated with developing systems. In systems engineering it is used to define a uniform procedure for product or project development. The model addresses the necessary concurrent development of a system’s architecture with the entities of that architecture and illuminates the necessary interactions and sequences recommended for orderly maturation of a system and systems of systems. This article explains the power of the Dual Vee Model when applied as a reminder model for development of complex systems
A common rule of the thumb is that each work package must be no longer than 80 hours and no less than 8 hours in total length. If it is longer, decompose it further. If it is shorter, think of going up by one level.
MPMM stands for Method 123 Project Management Methodology which provides a complete “framework” for managing projects. This framework provides you with a step-by-step walkthrough of the phases, activities and tasks to be undertaken to complete a project. By following the Project Life Cycle framework for your project, you will greatly enhance your chances of project success.
It defines a logical closure of any deliverable or cycle. Example you have completed the requirement phase with sign off from the client on the requirement document. So you put a baseline and say that further any changes to this document are change request. Versioning of source code is one type of baseline.
Business Object is a new query and report software program. It is a part of CSC software package. It is capable of performing more sophisticated mathematical calculations than IQ objects.
Condition Object is a mode, state, situation and a condition which imposes upon an object without which knowledge and thought are alleged to be impossible.
A Customizing object in a SAP component is an object which is customized with the same contents in another component. The contents of the customizing objects have to be corresponding in different systems in a system landscape.
DMAIC is a series of steps used to measure defects in business processes and improve profitability. The five steps are: Define Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control.
DMADV is also a series of steps to measure and analyze the defects and produce better. The steps here are: Define, Measure, Analyze, Design, and Verify.
CAR stands for Casual Analysis and Resolution. CAR identifies problem and perform a root cause analysis of the same. CAR needs to be performed at every project phase. Fishbone diagram is one of the ways to perform CAR.
DAR stands for Decision Analysis and Resolution. DAR is to analyze possible decisions using a formal evaluation process that identifies alternatives against current resources.
A risk register, sometimes known as a risk log, is an important component of the overall risk management framework. A risk register is used to identify, assess, and manage risks down to acceptable levels through a review and updating process. Risk register is also an important topic of study for the PMP® certification exam as well as the Prince2 Certification. The risk register database can be viewed by project managers as a management tool for monitoring the risk management processes within the project. It is the responsibility of the project manager to ensure that the risk register is updated whenever necessary. The task of updating the risk register is usually delegated to the project control function.
There is no standard list of components that should be included in the risk register. The PMBOK Guide, and PRINCE2, and other organizations make recommendations for risk register contents; however, these are not the only recommendations that may be used.
It is a project management process that numerically analyzes the effects of identified risks on the entire project objectives. The benefit of this process is that it creates information of the quantitative risks to support the decision-making of project managers to minimize the uncertainty of the projects. To do this particular process, inputs are necessary. The inputs include the risk management plan, risk register, enterprise environmental factors, cost management plan, and organizational assets are used to produce the project document updates.
Risk reassessment in project management involves identifying new risks and reassessing current ones. It is also involved in closing risks that are outdated and no longer threatening to the project. This particular project management tool is used in controlling the risks. Regularly creating a schedule for the risk reassessment to determine the kinds of risks present within the project can help project managers identify and control the risks. The number of repetitions of the reassessment also depends on the progress of the project in relation to its objectives.
As a project manager, you must know about the term quality control. Quality-based questions are mainly included in the technical project management interview question. Completing any of the projects is one thing and maintaining the quality as per the requirements of market and customers is another. You have to understand the complete process of inspection so that you can ensure proper quality according to the requirements of the customer.
What is Project?
What is a project manager?
What is Project management?
What is PMP?
What is PMI-ACP?
What is CAPM?
What is PMBOK? And all versions of PMBOK?
Why PMBOK?
What are basic process groups of PMBOK?
What are the PMBOK 6 of 10 Knowledge areas?
What are the PMBOK 6 process names?
What do the 49 project management processes describe?
What is ITTOs in the PMBOK Edition 6??
What is Agile?
What is Pareto Analysis?
What are the steps of Pareto analysis chart?
What is Project Issue Management?
What are the some tips to Manage Project Issues?
Explain risk register in project management?
What is Time and Material contract?
What is a Fishbone diagram?
Who is Stakeholder?
What is RAID in the context of project management?
How do you estimate using three-point estimating methods?
What is a decision support system (DSS)?
What is CMM?
What is CFF?
What is CMMI?
What will be involved in Project Scope Management?
What is the difference between Risk and an issue in the context of project management?
What is the critical path of a project?
What is Six Sigma?
Which one skill does a project manager need to succeed?
How to Identify Project Risks?
What is Project integration management?
How do you handle any changes to the project?
What is Project schedule?
What is SOW?
Explain Project charter?
What is the difference between Project, program and Portfolio management?
What are the functions of project management tool?
What is Project Plan?
What is Project Planning?
What is Work breakdown Structure?
What is Waterfall Model?
What is V-model?
What is Dual Vee Model?
What is 8/80 rule?
What is MPMM?
What is a Project Baselines?
What is Business Object?
What is Condition Object?
What is Customizing Object?
What is DMAIC?
What is DMADV?
What is CAR?
What is DAR?
What is Risk Register?
What are the components of a risk register?
What is the Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis?
What is Risk reassessment?
What is Quality Control?
